PRESENTED TO THE ^ 0 QJ ^

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City Document, — No. 88.

CITY OF BOSTON

REPORT

OF THE

COCHITUATE WATER BOARD

TO THE

CITY COUNCIL OP BOSTON,

FOR THE YEAR 1866-67,

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CITY OF BOSTON.

In Board of Aldermen, April 29, 1867.

Ordered : That the Cochituate Water Board be authorized to submit their Annual Report in print. Sent down for concurrence.

CHAS. W. SLACK, Chairman.

In Common Council, May 2, 1867. Concurred.

WESTON LEWIS, President.

Approved May 3, 1867.

OTIS NORCROSS, Mayor7

REPORT.

Office of the Cochituate "Water Board, Boston, May 21, 1867.

To THE City Council.

The Cochituate Water Board respectfully present this their report for the year ending April 30th, 1867. The ordinance which passed the City Council in December 1865, authorizing the Water Board to change their financial year to correspond with that of other departments of the City Government, has fully answered the anticipations originally formed by the Board, in remedying former apparent discrepancies between their accounts, and those of the Treasurer and Auditor.

The tables submitted by the City Engineer, giving quantities consumed, levels of the lake and reservoirs, rain fall, etc., are made up for the calendar year as heretofore.

The Income for the year 1866, as appears by the report of the Water Registrar, was $487,576.25, being $36,196.77, in excess of that of the previous year. "

During the four months from January 1, 1867 to May 1, 1867, there was received in advance, for water to be delivered during the year . $362,674 12

And for water used in previous years . . 43,205 62

Total water rates received in the four months . $405,879 74 And to this the Registrar estimates will be added

from new customers and meter bills . . 94,120 26

Anticipated income for the year 1867 . . $500,000 00

b CITY DOCUMENT. —No. 88.

The expenditure for the year ending May 1, 1867, was: — For current expenses . . . . . $122,207 37

Interest and premium on the water debt . . 483,451 82

Whole amount paid out . . . . $605,659 19 The Treasurer has credited the Water Works for the same year, out of the amounts received as above . $530,526 80

The balance of the receipts having been credited to the Water Works, in his accounts of the pre- vious year^ shows an expenditure over and above our income, for the financial year of 1866-7, of 75,132 39

Which, with . 267,601 60

expended on the Chestnut Hill Reservoir, in the

same year, adds to the cost of the works . $342,733 99

Cost of the Water Works to May 1, 1866, includ- ing interest and premium on debt, less received for water rates, rents, etc. .... 6,771,975 15

Making the net cost. May 1, 1867 . . .$7,114,709 14

The improvement made by the amendment to the water ordi- nance in December 1865, suggests the propriety of still further alterations. The annual accounts of this department are now made up for the financial year, — as are those of the Trea- surer and Auditor, — but our bills, excepting only to those who draw through meters, are made for the calendar year, thus com- plicating our statements and reports. If the ordinance be further changed, so as to permit the bills to be made for the four months commencing January 1, and ending April 30, and thereafter be made for the year commencing on the first day of May in each year, this inconvenience will be avoided.

It was intended to complete the raising of the Tremont Street

EEPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD. i

mains last summer, those requiring it lying between Newton and Lenox streets, but the time and attention of the Board and its oflQcers being constantly needed elsewhere, and especially at the new reservoir, it was delayed until this season. Arrange- ments have lately been made to proceed with the work forth- with, and it is expected that the last section will be raised and the street put in good condition for travel by the first of Octo- ber next.

The improvement by the city of Tremont Street and Chand- ler Street at and near the bridge over the Worcester Railroad, made it necessary to erect anew bridge outside of the travelled bridge, for the purpose of carrying the two mains over the rail- road J and at the request of the Committee on Streets, it was erected and the pipes removed from fhe old to the new bridge, under the direction of this Board, and the expense thereof charged to the account of Widening Streets, etc. The bridge was built of iron, and is in no way connected with the bridge for travel ; thus avoiding any jar there would otherwise be. Thus far it has given entire satisfaction. It may be found expedient to cover it with an iron roof, to protect the pipes from the rays of the sun.

To avoid any large and unnecessary expenditure upon the East Boston reservoir, frequent examinations and discussions have been had as to the cause of the leaks and the best way of remedying them ; and last fall experiments were commenced and have been continued until this time, with a view to discover if possible the weak points. We find that it will hold water to the height of ten feet, but leaks if carried above that. This reservoir was built by contract in 1850, and has always leaked when filled ; and we not yet having discovered through our experi- ments, as was hoped we might, any particular point in the pud- dle bank defective ; and with the further uncertainty before us as to whether or not the banks yield to a greater pressure than a head of ten feet, — it has been concluded to continue the inves-

o CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.

tigations and find the cause of the leak if possible before deciding upon the remedy.

The system of inspection instituted in the fall of 1864, with a view to check wastes, has more than answered the expecta- tions of the Board, and will be continued in operation. As soon as it was fully understood by consumers, the inspectors were cheerfully admitted by all those whose fixtures were in good condition, and others who intended to have theirs so ; but they were not always welcomed by the few who are generally improvident, and do not look beyond their own immediate wants. The often-repeated statement made in former reports of waste through hopper closets, it is necessary here again to reiterate. There exists to a considerable extent the mistaken idea that a continuous dribbling stream running through them purifies and keeps them clean, whereas a dash of one or two quarts of water is more effectual than such a stream running for hours. That this wasteful fixture may be improved in construction, as it easily can be, it is intended to apply to the City Council more formally than we now do to authorize the Board to fix such prices for difierent kinds of water closets as they may from time to time deem equitable and expedient.

As appears by the table of the levels of the Lake, the supply for 1866 was nearly equal to the average supply for the previous five years; and by the table of the daily average draft from the Brookline Reservoir in 1866, the consumption, including waste, averages 12,229,000 wine gallons daily, l)eing an average of 3,845,160 gallons less each day than the average draft for the previous five years.

To the ready acquiescence by the consumers generally, in the course taken by the Board, and their observance of the appeals made to them in the fall of 1864, — to stop wastes and all unnecessary drafts of water, — may fairly be attributed the fact, that they had a constant supply during the two last months of that year and the two first of the year following. It may appear

EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 9

upon the first glance at the tables giving the levels of the Lake, that there was no probability of the supply failing, there being in December 1864, five and iVtr feet of water above the bottom of the Conduit; the lowest point reached since the works were con- structed, but it must be borne in mind, that the quantity contained in a foot in depth at that point is not equal to one half of that in a foot in depth at the surface when the Lake is full, and as it is further drawn down, so in a compound ratio is the decrease of water. Beside if drawn down much below five feet above the bottom of the Conduit, the quantity daily required, supposing it to be no more than in 1866, cannot be supplied, as the aver- age depth run in that year was nearly four feet and eleven inches. Had the Lake so fallen off that only three feet could have been run, it would have been necessary to restrict the use of the water for a time, to domestic purposes only ; and consequently a large proportion of our factories and workshops would have been stopped in their operations, causing no little pecuniary distress among the industrial classes, and thereby materially affecting the growth and prosperity of the city.

Since the death of Mr. Knowlton, Superintendent of the Western Division, in March 1866, the especial charge thereof has been intrusted to the Chairman of the Committee on that division, —assisted by Mr. A. Stanwood, our Superintendent at Chestnut Hill Reservoir, who has lately been chosen Superin- tendent of the Western Division.

In the year 1865 the Lake was full — that is thirteen feet and four inches above the bottom of the conduit at the Lake — and the water continued to run over the dam and waste into the Sudbury river from March 31st to June 1st, The highest level in 1866 was in June, when it reached to a level of twelve feet ten inches, being six inches short of high water mark, — and of course no water ran to waste during that year. In this year, 1867, the heavy rain on the 9th and 10th of February, with the melting snow, raised the Lake from twelve feet four inches to high

2

10 CITY DOCNMEFT. — No. 88.

water at noon of the latter day, and at six o'clock in the afternoon it stood at thirteen feet five inches, and one inch in depth was running to waste over the dam. The highest level reached was on the 12th of February, it then being fourteen feet one inch, and remaining at that level for a few days it gradually fell about half an inch daily until the 23d, and from that time until the middle of April, it varied from thirteen feet four iiiches to thirteen feet nine inches.

On those occasions when the water attains a level above high water mark, and there are prospects of freshets from rains and melting snow, the precaution is taken to remove some of the stop-planks at the dam, to permit a greater flow of water than can otherwise pass over the dam, above high water mark, for the purpose of avoiding any unnecessary wash of the banks of the Lake, and overflow of the roads in the vicinity.

In the afternoon of the 27th day of July, there was at the Lake and in the immediate vicinity a very heavy shower, when in a few hours, there fell the unprecedented quantity of seven and yVcr inches of rain, washing the roads badly, carrying away a portion of the road against the Course Brook culvert and dama- ging the filter dam on Pegan Brook. The level of the Lake was carried up in twenty-four hours, eight inches. Since then we have been so blessed with an abundance of water, that the culvert and filter dam could not be improved to advantage ; but as soon as the water is suflQciently low to permit of the work being done well, they are to be taken in hand.

From experience already had of the good service of the fil- ter dam on the Pegan Brook, it is evident that by repairing and improving it, and erecting another dam parallel with it, the impurities on this brook may be effectually stopped from flow- ing into the lake.

The dwelling house and gate house at the Lake are to be painted the coming season, and the fences propped up so as to answer a little while longer. The cobble-stone slope walls, for

KEPORT OE THE WATER BOARD. 11

protecting the banks of t^e Lake, have only partially answered the purpose, they being too light; good and suitable stones are scarce in the immediate neighborhood, but we have some ledges on the lands of the City, which it may be expedient to work, for the purpose of making substantial slope walls to those banks most exposed to wash when high winds prevail.

Negotiations have been had with the Rev. Mr. Walsh, for a portion of the Catholic burying ground, in Natick, bordering on Dug Pond, which it is desirable for the City to own, for the better protection of the pond against any wash that otherwise might affect the water. The disposition to accommodate the City is so evident, that we are confident of arranging this mat- ter to our entire satisfaction.

The Brookline Reservoir requires a thorough cleansing, and at the first practicable moment must be attended to, as also the gate house, which leaks badly when the water is more than six feet and four inches above the bottom of the conduit ; until one of the basins of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir is completed, it is utterly impossible to do this properly, and at the same time keep the City supplied with water. The grounds around this reservoir require enriching, and this autumn there will be spread over it a large quantity of the muck and manure obtained from the new reservoir.

The construction of the Chestnut Hill Reservoir has progressed as rapidly as we could have reasonably expected, yet it is not so near to completion as we had hoped it would be at this time. There has been quite as much to do, — and some of it has been better done, — than was at first contemplated. As large a force has been constantly 'employed as could work to advantage, and this force will be increased from time to time, to an extent that will be limited only by judicious economy. It has been our policy to pay our employes fair wages for their services, and have them well treated ; and with but few exceptions they have rendered a fair equivalent. On the second of March of this year the

12 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

laborers, two hundred and twenty-five in number, without any previous intimation of their intentions or of a desire for any change, virtually proposed to supersede those in authority, and fix their own wages to suit themselves. They were then receiving one dollar and fifty cents per day. Not feeling dis- posed to thus resign the duties intrusted, to us, directions were given to pay off and discharge them all, and not employ any of them again. We have since been informed that a few restless, rambling men were the leaders in the affair, and misled the better men, who were largely in the majority, and became the real suf- ferers, as many of them resided near the works with their families. In three days we had as many men employed as before. Their wages were raised on the fourth day of May to one dollar and seventy-five cents per day.

On the fifth day of June sixteen masons employed on the large sewer which is to receive the drainage of the roads, declined, to work, unless certain good men, who had been for sometime employed on the ledges, were stopped from laying bricks in the puddle trench, which happened to be only a tem- porary arrangement, to last only until such time as we had ledgework for them.

Having no doubt as to the impropriety of such dictation, the masons were paid off, and discharged forthwith, since which time we have had as many good and faithful masons in our employ as we have needed.

In the beginning of March as many of the Board as could leave home, accompanied by Mr. Crafts, City Engineer, and Mr. Wightman, Resident Engineer at Chestnut Hill Reservoir, visited New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, for a partial examination of the water works of those cities. The councils of Philadelphia and Baltimore enter- tained us in the most hospitable manner, and the ofiicials of all the places we visited proffered every facility for the accom- plishment of our purpose in the shortest possible time, and by

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 13

them all we were treated with the greatest courtesy. This tour of inspection, although necessarily hurried, was very instructive, and the information obtained by the board and engineers will prove of great advantage to the City, especially in constructing the new reservoir.

Whenever any populated territory, unsupplied with water is annexed to the City of Boston, it will be necessary to look for a further supply than we now have, as it is very clear that our present resources will be needed for our present territory when peopled, unless the city of Charlestown should first be annexed. It is well understood that that city has water far exceeding her anticipated wants, but we have not been able to obtain a specific estimate of the extent of the supply though we have been given to understand that its able engineer, Mr. Baldwin, has instituted measures for gauging it accurately.

For further information and details, we present herewith the several reports of the City Engineer, Superintendent of the Eastern Division, Water Registrar and Clerk of this board..

Respectfully submitted.

JOHN H. THORNDIKE. L. MILES STANDISH. NATHANIEL J. BRADLEE. ALJBXANDER WADSWORTH. CHARLES R. McLEAN. BENJ'N F. STEVENS. WILLIAM S. HILLS.

14

CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.

OEriCE OF THE COCHITUATE WATER BOAED, BOSTON, May 5, 1867.

To the President of the Cochituate Water Board : — Sm, —

The following is a statement of the Expenditures and Receipts of this department for the year commencing May 1, 1866, and ending April 30, 1867.

EXPENDITTJRES.

Blacksmith shop, for stock, etc.

Plumbing shop, u u ^ _

Raising water pipes on Tremont Street in 1865

Land and water rights

Stable

Hose . . .

Damage .

Repairing boxes at bridges

Taxes

Tools . . ■ .

Travelling expenses

Fountains

Office expense

Laying main pipes, etc., for stock, etc.

Postage and expresses

Amount carried forward,

281	90
55	50
626	13
120	00
603	11
564 00
185	00
741	56
235	12
438	53
25	00
466	15
20	00
699	25
45	33
$5,106	58

REPOET OF THE WATER BOARD.

15

Amount brought forward, .	$5,106 58
Reservoirs — Beacon Hill	1,022 98
" East Boston	1,531 87
'' South Boston	323 43
" Brookline ....	1,299 98
Aqueduct repairs . . . .	721 82
Printing, (including water registrar's and superin
tendent's)	653 12
Stationery, (including water registrar's and super
intend ent's)	489 18
Salaries, (including clerks and inspectors in watei
registrar's department) . . .	10,436 92
Main pipe	18,540 25
Service pipe	8,832 04
Off and on water . . .	4,688 78
Extra inspectors . •.	6,176 53
Wages — laying main pipe '. . .	3,861 70
" " service pipe, etc. . . .	4,451 13
" blacksmith shop	1,268 41
" plumbing shop ....	185 38
" proving yard ....	4,395 58
Upper yard, finishing buildings, etc. .	2,168 92
Miscellaneous expenses	514 22
Meters	16,399 60
Maintaining meters	1,437 30
Repairing main pipe . .	4,054 84
" service pipe ....	4,067 12
" hydrants . . . . .	2,442 72
" streets	2,107 94
" stopcocks . .	436 11
Stopcocks .......	1,840 76
Hydrants	3,280 60
Amount carried forward, . . . .	$112,735 81

16 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.

Amount brought forward, . . . . $112,73581

Lake

Proving yard, stock, etc. . Hydrant and stopcock boxes Tolls and Ferriage . Chestnut Hill Reservoir .

3,040 72

1,599 52

3,123 70

107 62

267,601 60

Amount drawn for the Water Works . . 388,208 97

" " " " driveway around Chestnut

Hill Reservoir . . . . . . 13,694 41

Total drawn for by the Board . . $401,903 38

And which is charged as follows :

To Chestnut Hill Reservoir . ', . . 267,601 60

Waterworks . . ; .. . . 120,607 37

Driveway . . . . . . . 13,694 41

TotalfromApril30, 1866, to May 1,1867 401,903 38 Total amount charged Water Works . . . 388,208 97

KECEIPTS. Cash Paid City Treasurer.

Received for meters sold	$100 00
" " fines for waste, etc.	1,309 00
" " Off and on water,		.
for repairs	1,668 00
" " Pipe, laying, repair-
ing, etc.	8,923 00
" " wood sold Chestnut		'
Hill Reservoir	326 95	12,326 95
	$375,882 02

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 17 THE ABOVE IS CREDITED TO

Chestnut Hill Reservoir $326 95

Water Works 12,000 00

12,326 95

Total amount drawn for $401,903 38

EXTENSION OP THE WORKS.

Main pipe . . . . . $18,540 25

Wages laying main pipe . . 3,861 70

Laying main pipe, stock, etc. . 699 25

Upper yard, finishing shed, etc. . 1,018 92 24,120 12

$377,783 26

Less amount charged C. H. Reser- voir . 267,601 60 « •' " Driveway . 13,694 41 281,296 01

Amount of expenses from April 30, 1866, to

May 1, 1867 $96,487 25

Expenditures and Receipts on Account of the Water Works, to

May 1, 1866.

Amount drawn by Commissioners . . . $4,043,718 21

« " Water Board, in 1850 . 366,163 89

" " CocMtuate Water Board, from \

January 1, 1851, to May 1, 1866 . . 1,864,231 23

Amount drawn from April 30, 1866, to May 1,

1867, for Water Works .... 388,208 97

$6,662,322 30

Amount paid the City Treasurer by

the Commissioners . . . $47,648 38

Amounts carried orward, $47,648 38 $6,662,322 30

18 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

Amount hroughts forward, $47,648 38 $6,662,322 30

Amount paid by Water Board, 1850, 8,153 52

« " Cocliituate Water

Board, to May 1, 1866 . . 149,112 08

Amount paid from April 30, 1866,

to May 1, 1867 . • • 12,326 95

— . 217,240 93

Net amount drawn from the Treasurer, by the Commissioners and Water Boards, for the Waterworks 6,445,081 37

Gross payments (including interest, premium,

etc.), for ac't of the Water Works . .13,026,195 73

Gross receipts . ... . . • 5,911,486 59

Net cost to the City, May 1, 1867 . . 7,114,709 14

SAM'L N. DYER,

Clerk Cochituate Water Board.

REPOKT OF THE WATEE BOARD. 19

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE EASTERN

DIVISION.

Boston, May 7, 1867. John H. Thorndikb, Esq.,

President of the Cochituate Water Board :

Sir: — I herewith submit my Report for the year ending May 1, 1867.

Below, in the usual form, you will find the amount and location of main pipes, service pipes, etc., laid during the year. In addition to this, considerable labor has been performed in repairs that come under no particular heading. The following is a portion of it :

The coating of the bottom of the East Boston Eesevoir, com- posed of paving stones and cement, has been removed prepara- tory to repairs necessary to stop the leakage.

This was done in September last. Water to the depth of two feet was then let in, and allowed to remain a sufficient time to ascertain, if possible, the point of leakage; this was con- tinued, but showed no leak until it reached the height of ten and one half feet. At this point it showed at the different places as before.

This would naturally indicate the weak place, but whether the reservoir below this point would stand the pressure of an increase of fifteen feet in height or not, I leave the City Engi- neer to decide.

The fender on Warren Bridge has been repaired twice during the year. That portion on the Boston side of the draw is very rotten, and should be made new.

20 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

A portion of the support for the 20-inch pipes under the bridge broke awaj last October, leaving the pipes in a danger- ous condition. It was repaired.

The box over the pipes by the side of Chelsea Bridge was repaired last fall, and one coat of paint put on and another will be added this spring.

The work of changing the location of the large mains at the railroad bridge on Tremont Street was completed during the winter.

This work, as you are aware, was performed under many difficulties. The many kinds of work going on at the same time, the nature of the foundation, and the extreme cold weather (including the great snow storm), made it arduous, uncomfortable and perplexing. On the south side the foundation for the support of the pipes was made as good as circumstances and my knowledge would admit, but I shall be surprised if some leaks do not occur.

Up to the present time, however, with the exception of the sweating of two or three joints, there has been but one leak. On the north side, there is, and has been, no signs of a leak.

The wood and iron work at the Beacon Hill Reservoir has been thoroughly painted, and is much improved in appearance.

The South Boston Reservoir showed a small leakage during the year, only enough however to prevent the laying of a portion of the sidewalk on the south side. A blind drain remedied the difficulty. At the upper yard, work of building, grading, etc., has been carried on at such intervals as there was help to spare, and I hope before long to have it in an acceptable condition.

I would also mention that this department has, since April 1, 1866, done the practical part of establishing three hundred and thirty-one meters.

Raised 150 feet 6-inch Pipe on Albany Street. Taken up 137 feet 6-inch Pipe on Lehigh Street.

EEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD.

21

Taken up 1532 feet 6-inch Pipe on Belmont Street and Wash- ington Square. Taken up 155 feet 4-inch Pipe on Western Avenue. 215 « 2-inch « 503 " IJ-inch «

95 " li-inch Lead Pipe. 232 " 1-inch «

329 " 1-inch «

2173 « f-inch «

15 " J-inch «

Lowered 350 feet 12-inch Pipe on Boylston Street, west of

Berkeley Street. Extended 1-inch Pipe 10 feet. « 1-inch " 44 " « 1-inch " 85 «

22

CITY DOCUMENT. — No.

Statement of Location^ Size and Number of Feet of Pipe laid in 1866.

In what Street.

Mt. Vernon . Berkeley . .

Marlboro' .

Newton.

War eh am ....

"West Chester Park

River

Dartmouth . . Albany. . . . Newbury . . . Springfield . . Marlboro' . . . West Newton . Cortes .... Bast Brookline Stanhope . . West Penabroke Warren Ave . (( ((

West Canton . Rutland 8q. . West Brookline Pinckney . . North Charles Brimmer . .

Between what Streets.

BOSTON PROPER.

Below River

Cortes and Stanhope

Total 12 inches in Boston . .

Berkeley and Clarendon ....

Across Clarendon

Harrison Avenue and Albany . .

Total 8 inches in Boston . . .

Harrison Avenue and Albany . .

West of Tremont

North of Mt. Vernon

Montgomery and Warren Avenue

Oak and Curve

Arlington and Berkeley

West of Tremont

Across Clarendon

West of Tremont

From Ferdinand to Berkeley . . Albany and Harrison Avenue . '.

Berkeley and Clarendon

West of Tremont

South of Pembroke

Canton and "

West of Tremont

" " (south side) . .

it It

Below Charles

Cambridge and Poplar

Pinckney and Mt. Vernon ....

Total 6 inches in Boston . . .

Diameter of Pipe in Inches.

Feet of Pipe.

285 340

625

132

24 750

6	350
6	106
6	132
6	200
6	43
6	80
6	97
6	87
6	150
6	600
6	273
6	532
6	212
6	215
6	533
6	63
6	64
6	92
6	286
6	308
6	288

:,711

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD, 23

Statement of Location, Size, etc. — Continued.

In lyhat Street.

River . . . Lagrange . Temple Place Meander . . .

Park

Chapman . . Battery Wharf Park Square . Central Wharf

First. . Alger . I St. . Sixth . , Ninth . ' Middle . Foundry

Alger . Quincy . Dove . .

Chelsea

Paris Court Chelsea St .

Between what Streets.

Pinckney and Mt. Vernon

Washington and Tremont

(( H 11

Norwich and Dedham

Court in rear of No. 8

West of Tremont

Boylston and Eliot . . ' ■

Total 4 inches in Boston ....

SOUTH BOSTON.

E and D , .

Federal and Dorchester

Fourth and Broadway

H and O

I and K

Dorchester and Federal

Swan and O. C. Ss N. R. R . . . .

Total 6 inches in South Boston

Federal and Dorchester

C and D •

F and Dorchester

Total 4 inches in South Boston

BAST BOSTON. North of G-lendon

Total 6 inches in East Boston .

Paris and Chelsea

For Farrar's Oil Works

To al 4 inches in East Boston .

Diameter of Pipe in Inches.

Feet of Pipe.

113 141 147 210 114 241 225 250 23

1,464

105 34 214 323 517 50 396

23

118 36

177

309

180 156

24 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

Statement of Location, Size, etc. — Continued.

In what Street.	Between what Streets.	Diameter of Pipe in Inches.	Feet of Pipe.
	ROXBUET.
Texas Avenue . .		12	45
	Total 12 inches in Roxbury		45
Tremont	Opposite Culvert	6	387

	Total 6 inches in Roxbury ......		387
Tremont	Opposite Culvert ............	4	100
	Total 4 inches in Roxbury		100

EECAPITULATION.

SECTION.				DIAMETER IN INCHES.
	36.	12.	8.	6.	4.
Boston Proper . . • South Boston .... East Boston Roxbury	Total number of feet laid Stopcocks in same .... Total number of feet laid . Stopcocks in same .... Total number of Feet laid Stopcocks in same .... Total number of Feet laid Stopcocks in same ....					625 2 45 1	9	06 3		4,711 11 1,639 3 309 1 387	1,464 6 177 336 100
	Sums of Pipes . . . Sums of Stop-cocks .					670 3	906 3	7,046 15	2,077 6

REPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD.

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			5		a	1	a 3	•s	a
		fe	fe	^	^	ft)	!zi	fe	^		11

26

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88. Statement of Service Pipe laid in 1866.

1	BOSTON PKOPER.	SOUTH BOSTON.	EAST BOSTON.	TOTAL.
.a	Number of	Length in	Number of	Length in	Number of	Length in	Number of	Length in
Pipes.	Feet.	Pipes.	Feet.	Pipes.	Feet.	Pipes.	Feet.
2	1	41	...	. . .	. . .	. . .	1	41
1	7	275	2	45	1	18	10	338
1	2	84	3	177	. . .	. . .	5	261
1	268	9,743	75	2,556	45	1,644	388	13,943
i	63	1,772	55	2,626	48	1,597	166	5,995
	Aggregate				570	20,578

	Making the 1	otal number up to M	iy 1, 1867 .			26,201

Mepairs of Pipes during the Year 1866.

	DIAMETER OF PIPES IN INCHES.
WHERE.	40.	36.	30.	24.	20. 3 10	16.	12. 25 2	8.	6. 29 5 3	4, 45 3 4	3. 1	2. 6 1	li. 1%.	1. 7 4 11	1- 8 1 9	f. 335 54 37 426	h 7 5 2 14	1
Boston South Boston .... East Boston	4	2	4	68	•	544 69 62
Totals	4	2	4		13	•	27		37	52	1	7	63	•	675

Of the leaks that have occurred in pipes of 4 inches and upwards, 97 were on the joints, 17 by settling of earth, 4 by defective pipe, 18 by frost, 2 by defective packing, 1 broken by pile driving. Total, 139.

Of 2 and 3 inches and in Service Pipes : 9 were on the joints, 163 by settling of earth, 85 by defective pipe, 31 by defective coupling, 10 by defective faucet, 6 by defective packing, 61 by rust, 60 by frost, 23 stopped by fish, 60 stiff connection, 7 by

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

27

faucet loose at main, 1 by faucet broken at main, 7 struck by pick, 5 stopped by gasket, 1 stopped by dough, 2 stopped by dirt, 1 by nail, 1 broken by settling of wall, 1 by boxing, 1 by faucet blown out, 1 by settling of drain. Total, 536.

Statement of Number of Leaks^ 1850-1866.

Tear.

1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866.

Diameter of

Four Inches and Upwards.

32

64

82

85

74

16

75

85

77

82

134

109

117

97

95

111

139

Less than Pour Inches.

72 173 241 260 280 219 232 278 324 449 458 399 373 397 394 496 536

Total.

104 237 323 345 354 294 307 363 401 631 592 508 490 494 489 607 675

28

CITY DOCUMENT.^ No. 88.

Hydrants.

During the yeiEir thirty-three (33) new Hydrants have been established as follows :

Twenty (20) in Boston proper, five (5) in South Boston, five 5 in East Boston, and three (3) in Eoxbury.

Total number of Hydrants established up to May 1, 1867:

n Boston proper . . . ,	. 1,011
South Boston . . *	332
East "	196
Brookline ....	3
Roxbury . . . .	16
Charlestown	• . 11
Chelsea ....	8
Total	. 1,577

Thirty-three (33) Hydrants have been taken out and replaced by new or repaired ones, and one hundred and forty-nine (149) boxes have been renewed. The Hydrants have had the atten- tion of former years paid them.

Stopcocks.

Twenty-seven (27) new Stopcocks have been established this year, and sixty-one (61) Boxes have been renewed. All the Stopcocks have had the usual attention paid them.

EEPOET OF THE WATEE BOAED.

29

Statement of Pipes and other Stock on hand, exclusive of Tools,

Jfay 1,1867.

NUMBER OF	DIAMETER IN INCHES.

	40.	36.	30,	24.	20.	18.	16.	12.	8.	6.	4.	3.	2.
Pipes	17	17	84	6	40	3	30	43	3	223	242	2
Blow-off Branches	1		2	. .	. .		. .	. .	. •	• .	. .	• ■
			1 1	• •	3		1 5	1 11	2	5 28	5	1
Three Way-hranches	6	4	14
			3	1			•>	S	Y	1
	<>	•^	5	'>,	4			-1		7
	5	3 3	3 5	8 9,	3		3 3	7 3	3	18 .5	18 1^3	12 9,	33

Caps	2	2	5	1			2	19	3	22	18
	3	2		2			3	6	3	4 6 1	14 3 1	'

		s	11	1	6		3	5
					1			6	f,	<?	?		7
					4		9			2 8	1
O^set Pipes			. .
								5		q
Man-hole Pipes	2		2		. .		. .		. .
One-eiglitli Turns	1		• •					1	3		9	1
Pieces of Pipe . .......	1	10	22	3	13		1	13	2	16	16	1
Stopcocks . . .	1	1	1	2	2		2	4	1	16	14	7

Hydrants. 32 New Lowell, 6 Wilmarth (old), 7 Lowell (old).

For Hydrants. 38 bends, 47 lengtheners, 21 frames, 95 covers, 30 plungers, 24 screws, 1 waste, 19 nipples, 28 valve seats, 36 stuffing boxes, 3 hose couplings, 143 lbs. composi- tion castings, 3,800 lbs. iron castings, 5 wharf hydrants.

30 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

For Stopcocks. 2 36-iiich screws, 1 SO-inch ditto, 2 24-inch ditto, 1 20-inch ditto, 1 16-inch ditto, 11 6-inch ditto, 5 4-inch ditto, 6 4-inch unfinished ditto, 1 ditto for Waste Weir, 1 ditto for Brookline Reservoir, 3 12-inch plungers, 4 6-inch ditto, 6 4-inch ditto, 8 6-inch rings, 12 4-inch ditto, 16 frames, 6 covers.

Meters. In the shop, 3 2-inch meters, 51 1-inch ditto, 18 f-inch ditto, 1 1-inch and 1 |-inch ditto condemned.

StocTcfor Meters. 68 1-inch nipples, 8 2-inch ditto, 32 |--inch ditto, 8 2-inch connection pieces, 14 1-inch ditto, 38 |-inch ditto, ditto, 2 3-inch meter clocks, 3 2-inch ditto, 17 1-inch ditto, 13 |-inch ditto, 15 1-inch meter cocks, 23 |-inch ditto, 36 1-inch ditto unfinished, 94 |-inch ditto, 18 sheets strawboard, 15 glasses, 15 brass spindles, 320 rubber nipples, 25 platforms 10 feet leather hose, 900 washers and thimbles, 1 4-inch fish pot,

6 3-inch ditto, 1 2-inch ditto (old).

For Service Pipe. 14 1-inch union cocks, 10 f-inch ditto, 238 ■|-inch ditto, 84 |--inch unfinished ditto, 106 J-inch unfinished ditto, 24 |-inch straight cocks, 36 1-inch T cocks, 15 |-inch ditto, 27 |-inch ditto, 8 |-inch Y cocks, 11 |-inch flange cocks, 8 1-inch air cocks, 40 l|-inch nipples, 11 2-inch male couplings, 22 li-inch ditto, 26 1-inch ditto, 42 |-inch ditto, 36 |-inch ditto, 22 J-inch ditto, 12 2-inch female couplings, 4 l;^-inch ditto, 152 1-inch ditto, 34 ^-inch ditto, 220 |-inch ditto, 216 ^-inch ditto, 12 I -inch double-headers with flanges and pipes, 4 6-inch flanges,

7 4-inch ditto, 5 2 -inch ditto, 65 f-inch ditto, 200 lbs. composition castings for straight cocks, 61 lbs. composition castings for f-inch couplings, 200 ^-inch long boxes (iron), 554 tubes, 16 T boxes, 28 Y boxes, 7 1-inch flanges, 7 1-inch tubes, 60 extension tubes.

Lead Pipe. 625 lbs. 2-inch pipe, 711 lbs. U-iuch ditto, 2129 lbs. 1-inch ditto, 1115 lbs. f -inch ditto, 3278 lbs. f-inch ditto, 1211 lbs. ^-inch ditto, 870 lbs. IJ-inch, old pipe 69 lbs. f-inch tin lined lead pipe, 86 lbs. f-inch block-tin pipe, 725 lbs. sheet lead, 30 lbs. solder, 9 lbs. block-tin.

EEPORT OF THE WATEE BOARD. 31

Blacksmith Shop. 575 lbs. square iron, 668 lbs. flat ditto, 650 lbs. round ditto, 170 lbs. cast steel, 1500 lbs. working pieces, 5000 lbs. Cumberland coal.

Carpenter's Shop. 2000 feet spruce boards, 15,000 feet spruce plank, 250 feet oak plank, 17 hydrant boxes, 7 stopcock ditto, 34 top pieces, 130 hydrant boxes unfinished, 94 stopcock boxes unfinished, 18 meter boxes unfinished, 500 lbs. spikes and nails.

Wharf Hydrants. 5 complete, 6 cocks.

Stable. 3 horses, 3 wagons, 2 buggies, 1 pung, 5 sets har- ness, 2 sleighs, 1 ton English hay, 300 lbs. salt hay, 30 bushels grain.

Tools. 1 steam engine, 1 large hoisting crane, 1 boom der- rick, 4 geared hand ditto, 2 sets of shears, and all the rigging for the same, tools for laying and repairing main and service pipes, 2 engine lathes, 1 fox ditto, 1 hand ditto, 1 upright dril- ling machine, 3 grindstones, and the necessary tools for carry- ing on the machine, blacksmith, carpenter's and plumber's shops, 1 circular saw, 2 large tool houses, 1 40-inch proving press, 1 36-inch ditto, 1 small ditto, also office furniture, and a large lot of patterns stored at pipe yard and at the foundries where we obtain castings.

Beacon Hill Reservoir. 5 swivel pipe patterns, 1 swing stage, capstan frame and levers, 1 10-inch composition cylinder, 1 6-inch ditto, 1 4-inch ditto, 6 composition jets, 8 cast-iron plates, 3 composition reel jets, 1 drinking fountain.

Miscellaneous. 30 gallons linseed oil, 25 gallons tallow oil, 90 lbs. white lead, 28,000 lbs. hard coal, 48 lbs. leather, 1 freight of gravel, 50 bricks, 858 lbs. gasket, 5 kegs bolts, 375 feet of damaged hose, 300 feet new hose, 1 cord wood, 12 reservoir gate covers, 5 manholes, 6 plates, lot of old iron, lot of old lumber, lot of old machinery from Marlboro. Respectfully submitted.

E. R. JONES,

Supt. Eastern Division.

32 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

Schedule of Property on the Western Division — May 15, 1867.

1 extension table, 6 chairs, 1 cooking range, 1 marble top wash stand, 1 horse, 1 carriage, 2 sets single harness, 1 express wagon, 1 cart, 1 cart harness, 1 buffalo robe, 1 pung, 6 wheel- barrows, 2 spades, 22 shovels, 14 picks, 3 bars, 6 pean ham- mers, 5 small steel drills, 3 trowels, 2 double blocks, 1 single do., 1 drain mould, 1 freight truck, 1 stone do., 4 wrenches, 2 stop-plank hooks, 1 iron grapnel, 1 grindstone, 1 sand screen, 1 sand sieve, 1 scythe and snath, 2 hoes, 1 boat and awning, 4 rammers, 2 hammers, 3 water pails, 1 rain gauge, 1 pair steel- yards, 1 pair hedge shears, 2 pairs ice tongs, 1 small stone roller, 1 manure fork, 1 map of Boston and its environs, 1 hand saw, 1 iron square, 4 white-wash brushes, 1 axe, 7 barrels Portland cement.

Rejected as worthless, — 23 shovels, 6 axes, 2 hay rakes, 2 hoes, 3 iron rakes, 2 pairs rvibber boots.

A. STANWOOD,

Supt.W.B.B.W.W.

REPORT OP THE WATER BOARD. 33

WATER REGISTRAR'S REPORT.

Water Registrar's Office, Boston, May 1, 1867.

John H. Thorndike, Esq., President Cochituate Water Board :

Sir, — I herewith submit the following Report as required by the

ordinance providing for the care and management of the Boston

Water Works, passed Oct. 31, 1850.

The total number of water takers now entered for the year

1867, is 27,754, being an increase since January 1, 1866 of

265.

During the year 1866 there have been 643 cases where the

water has been turned off for non-payment of water-rates. Of

this number 519 have been turned on, leaving a balance of 124

still remaining off.

The total amount of water-rates received from December 31,

1865, to January 1, 1867, is ... . $486,538 25

Of ihe above there was received for water used in previous years the sum of $27,165 06

Leaving the receipts for water fur- nished during the year 1866 the sum of 459,373 19

In addition to the above there has been received, for turning on water in cases where it had been turned off for non-payment of rates, the sum of 1,038 00

Total . . . • $487,576 25

Amount carried forward, .... $487,576 25

34 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

Amount brought fo7'ward, .... |487,576 25 The amount received for water rates

from Jan. 1, 1867, to May 1,

1867, is ..... 405,879 74

Of this amount there was received

for water used in previous years

the sum of 43,205 62

Leaving the receipts for water (as- sessed for the year 1867,) to May 1, 1867, the sum of . . $362,674 12

The total amount received from January 1, 1867, to May 1, 1867, for turning on water in cases where it had been turned off, for non-payment of rates is 658 00

$894,113 99

Total receipts from January 1, 1866, to May 1,1867 ........ $894,113 99

The increased amount of income in 1866 over the previous year, is ..... 36,196 77

The total amount of assessments now made for the present year, is .... . 382,508 35

The estimated amount of income from the sales of water during the year 1867, is . . . 500,000 00 The expenditures of my office for the year end- ing May 1, 1867 have been 14,285 46

The items of this expenditure are as follows :

Paid Wm. F. Davis, Registrar .... 2,200 00

Chas. H. Little, Treasurer's clerk . . 1,600 00

Charles L. Bancroft, clerk . . . 1,163 32

Amount carried forward, . , . . $4,963 32

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

35

Amount brought forward, .			• $4,963 32
Paid Stephen Badlam,	u		1,163 32
Edwin Jennings,	(i		1,163 32
Jacob F. Mayo, on meters		966 96
Chas. C. Badlam,	Inspector		480 36
R. D. Child,	u			775 00
C. M. Thompson,	u			775 00
F. W. Fay,	«			775 00
T. L. Kelley,	«			775 00
J. Hayward,	u			775 00
0. A. Ramsdell,	u			775 00
F. C. Hogan,	u			50 00
H. T. Beal,	11			47 50
J. L. Fairbanks, stationery			406 10
J. E. Farwell & Co., printing			7 30
A. Mudge &, Son,	(I			387 28
		$14,285 46

36 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.

METERS.

The total number of meters now applied to the premises of water-takers is 879. Of this number 681 are |-inch, 176 1-inch, 18 2-inch, 3 3-inch, and 1 4-inch size.

They are attached to a variety of establishments, embracing hotels, raih^oads, manufactories, stables, confectionery, oyster saloons, and buildings occupied by several tenants.

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

37

The following table exhibits the yearly revenue received from the sale of Cochituate water, since its introduction into the city, October 25, 1848:

Received by Water Commissioners, as per Audi- tor's Report, in 1848 From January 1, 1849, to January 1, 1850, " " 1850, "

" , " 1851,

*' " 1852, '*

" " 1853, «

" « 1854, "

" " 1855, '<

'• « 1856,

« « 1857, <'

" " 1858, "

« 1859,

" " 1860, "

" 1861, «

« 1862, "

^' 1863, ''

1864, «

^•' 1865, "

'' '' 1866, "

" ^' 1867, to May 1, 1867,

3 per Au	Ul- $972 81
1850,	71,657 79
1851,	99,025 45
1852,	. 161,052 85
1853,	. 179,567 39
1854,	. 196,352 32
1855,	. 217,007 51
1856,	. 266,302 77
1857,	. 282,651 84
1858,	. 289,328 83
1859,	. 302,409 73
1860,	. 314,808 97
1861,	. 334,544 86
1862,	. 365,323 96
1863,	. 373,922 33
1864,	. 394,506 25
1865,	, 430,710 76
1866,	. 450,341 48
1867,	. 486,538 25
7, ,	. 405,879 74
	15,622,905 89

38

CITY DOCUMENT.— No.

Statement showing the number of houses, stores, steam engines, etc., in the City of Boston, supplied with Cochituate water to the first of January 1867, with the amount of water rates paid for 1866:

19,642 Dwelling-houses 6 Boarding "		.■ $244,428 90 198 00
69 Model		1,921 62
3 Lodging 5 Hotels		55 00 412 00
4,457 Stores and shops 138 Buildings . 412 Offices		39,867 03 4,530 71 3,239 55
36 Printing offices 20 Banks		524 12 257 50
27 Halls . 1 Theatre . .		311 50 25 00
25 Private schools		235 50
12 Asylums 5 Green-houses		595 00 47 00
64 Churches		688 25
4 Markets		752 00
119 Cellars		759 50
335 Restaurants and sa	loons	4,142 12
5 Club-houses .		99 00
1 Bath-house .		55 00
45 Photographers 12 Packing-houses		1,248 58 315 75
1,020 Stables		7,512 40
18 Factories		529 09
2 Breweries		39 00
Amount carried forward,	$312,789 12

EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD

Amount brought forward, .		. $312,789 12
6 Bleacheries .		80 00
1 Laundry		25 00
67 Bakeries		557 00
5 Ship-yards .		65 00
3 Dry docks and engines .		84 00
44 Shops " "		2,515 63
32 Stores « «	,	1,625 25
4 Foundries " "		146 30
7 Factories " •'		348 82
3 Printing " '«		181 76
1 Bakery " "		33 00
1 Ship-yard " "		28 00
2 Binderies " «		37 50
2 Buildings " "		100 00
1 Pottery and engine		35 00
1 Laundry " "		36 00
1 Mill « «		132 96
43 Stationary "		1,738 49
4 Armories		39 75
2 Gymnasiums		41 50
527 Hand-hose .		2,990 00
12 Fountains ....		89 00
Gas Light Co. (filling tank) .		27 18
Mill-dam Co. ...		266 75
Custom House		150 00
50 Steam-boats		9,650 14
Office (Harbor Master)		6 00
" (City Scales)		9 00
Old State House .		27 00
Court House		262 50
Probate Building .		47 50
Amount carried forward, ....	$334,165 15

39

40

CITY DOCUMENT. — No.

Amount brought forward,

House of reception 5 Fire-alarm motors 22 Fire-engines, hose and hook and ladder houses 277 Public Schools 2 City stables Offal station Steamer Henry Morrison House of Correction Public Library I'aneuil Hall

Shop (paving department) Common sewer department (making

mortar) . Public urinals Street sprinkling Deer park . Boston Common J. F, Paul (contract pipe) Building purposes Contractors for supplying shipping Metered water ....

1334,165	15
10	00
50	00
553	50
1,882	00
200	75
150	00
192	56
462	00
50	00
40	00
9	00
50	00
145	00
400	00
10	00
50	00
16	70
1,674	63
2,017 16
117,244	74

$459,373 19

REPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD.

41

Statement showing tJienumber and kind of Water Fixtures contained within the premises of Water-takers in the City of Boston, to January 1, 1867, as compared with previoiis years.

1864r.	1865.	1866.	REMARKS.
4,831 *	4,797	4,774	Taps. These have no connection with any drain or sewer.
38,844	40,184	40,496	Sinks.
15,488	16,767	17,204	Wash-hand basins.
5,262	5,475	5,499	Bathing tubs.
6,286	6,752	7,398	Pan water-closets.
7,117	7,317	7,563	Hopper water-closets.
....	181	312	" " " pull.
935	815	239	" " " self-acting.
....	213	226	" . " " waste.
....	498	536	" " " door.
1,644	1,741	1,790	Urinals.
5,535	6,087	6,365	Wash-tubs. These are permanently attached to the building.
12	737	756	Shower-baths.
12	13	13	Hydraulic rams.
708	715	773	Private hydrants.
278	334	350	Slop-hoppers.
....	28	33	Foot-baths.
86,952	92,154	93,327

Respectfully submitted.

WM. F. DAYIS,

Water Registrar.

42 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

EEPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER.

Office of City Engineer, Boston, May 5, 1867.

John H. Thorndike, Esq., President Cochituate Water Board :

Sir, — In compliance with the ninth section of the ordinance relating to the department of engineering and surveying, the following report is respectfully submitted :

EASTERN DIVISION.

The details of the condition of the works in this division will be found in the Report of the Superintendent.

A table of the average monthly heights of the water in the Brookline and City Reservoirs above tide marsh level for the past five years will be found on page 60. It will be noticed that the loss of head from Brookline to Beacon Hill and to South Boston varies but little from last year, although the average level was a trifle lower.

The water was shut off from the Bast Boston Reservoir last fall for examinations, with a view to discover in what manner to remedy its leaky condition. Certain experiments were made by the Superintendent, which, I am informed, tend to show that there is no leakage below a line ten feet above the bottom. I think it would be well, before making any expensive alterations^ to make sure, if possible, of the exact cause of the defects, and with this view I propose still further observations of the amount of leakage and the localities where the leakage is apparent.

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 43

LAKE COCHITUATE.

With the exception of the Course Brook culvert, the filter dam at Pegaii Brook, certain portions of the slope-walls, and the fences in the vicinity of the Superintendent's house, the struc- tures, etc., at the Lake are in good condition. The high stage of the water in the Lake during the year has prevented the re-building of the Course Brook culvert as recommended in last year's report. When it is rebuilt, the slopes of the road on either side should be protected with a substantial wall, and paved gutters made to carry off the surface water which in heavy rains does so much damage to the road. During the severe thunder storm in the month of July, when, in the space of a few hours, over seven inches of rain fell in the vicinity of the Lake, a small portion of the southerly end of the filter dam was washed away. The water behind the dam rose so rapidly that the flume, being partially choked with drift-wood, weeds, grass, etc., was inadequate to carry off the flood, and it soon overtopped the dam and worked its way through the light sandy soil on the southerly end of the dam, and carried away about fifteen feet in width of the bank and a small portion of the stone work. No repairs have been made, owing to the high state of the water, and consequently the dam has been inoperative since then.

Had this dam been located by the late Superintendent where I advised, and built into the bank in the manner proposed, this accident, I think, would not have occurred. The object of the Superintendent in changing the location was to save about twenty feet in the length of the dam, the expense of which would have been trifling.

The slope-wall in various places at the Lake, especially where laid on slopes too steep, has been undermined, and with portions of the bank slid into the Lake. These portions cannot be repaired until the water is considerably lower, and when the

44 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

time comes the slopes should be reduced, and if possible larger stone used. I would suggest that, instead of using small field stone which have to be hauled a considerable distance, we should get out from some of the ledges and large bowlders on our own premises stone more suitable for such work.

The fences along the road, in the vicinity of the City's house, are in bad condition ; the posts are nearly all rotten, and have had to be braced to hold them up. The repairs that have been made this spring will probably make the fences answer for this year, but in another year they should be re-built.

January 1, 1866, water at the lake was 8 feet, 11 inches above the bottom of the conduit; on the 12th of February it had fallen to 7 feet 3 inches, the lowest point reached during the year ; it then began to rise, and continued, with slight fluctuations, until April 30, when it was 12 feet, 3 inches. On May 27 it had fallen to 11 feet 11 inches, and by the 18th of June had risen again to 12 feet 10 inches. On the 28th of July it stood at 12 feet, and continued to fall, with slight fluctuations, until the 15th of November, to 11 feet, 3^ inches, when it began to gain, and on the 31st of December was 12 feet and 2 inches.

By reference to the table on page 56, it will be seen that the average height of the water in the Lake for the year 1866, was 11 i^'V feet above the bottom of the conduit, being a higher average than for any year since the Lake was raised in 1859, except in 1863, when the average was 13 ^%\ feet.

On page 55 will be found a statement of the rain-fall on the water-shed of the Lake, the amount of water consumed and wasted, the percentage of rain-fall received into the Lake each year for a term of thirteen years, and the average per year for the whole term. It will be seen that only 25 per cent of the rain-fall of 1866 was received into the Lake, being the smallest percentage for thirteen years, and the average percentage for the whole term was forty-seven.

HEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD. 45

CONSUMPTION OF WATER.

The tables on pages 52 and 53 show the daily average number of gallons of water consumed for each month and year from 1849 to 1868, inclusive. The record for 1866 shows an average daily consumption of 12,229,000 gallons, being a decrease of 433,000 gallons from the average daily consumption of 1865. Although a comparison of the amount used daily for the past year with that of 1861 shows the enormous decrease of 33 per cent; yet if we take into account the increase of population, in the mean time, the result is still more gratifying. For instance in 1861 the population was in round numbers 180,700; the consumption for that year was 18,189,304 gallons per day, or 100| gallons per day for each inhabitant; in 1866 the popula- tion is estimated at 200,000, the consumption per day, 12,229,- 000 gallons, and the daily amount per head 61xVb- gallons. So that the actual decrease since 1861 is 39 per cent, instead of 33 per cent, as above stated.

In my report last year I contended, and I think proved, that all the present legitimate wants of the city could be abundantly served with a supply of 8,000,000 gallons per day. I see no reason to change that statement. The population of Boston is estimated at 200,000, and for all domestic uses, the records of the meters in the houses of the members of your Board show that 25 gallons per inhabitant is an ample supply. At this rate, the domestic uses of water would require a daily supply of 5,000,000 gallons. The amount consumed by large manufac- tories, hotels, etc., as measured by meters during the last year, was about 2,000,000 gallons per day, and if we estimate the miscellaneous consumption at 1,000,000 gallons per day, we have a total of 8,000,000 gallons, which is unquestionably a liberal supply. If an increase in the number of meters, a more rigid inspection of the premises of water-takers with a view to detect cases of waste, and a special tax on hopper closets, will

46 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

reduce our consumption to 8,000,000 gallons per day, let it be done.

CONDUIT. •

Since the date of the last report, those portions of the conduit considered in the worst condition have been examined several times. The section at Ware's Yalley, in Needham, near the West Pipe Chamber, which has been alluded to in former reports as in a most dangerous condition, was repaired last summer with Portland cement, and a recent examination showed it to be in very fair condition. At the same examination the whole line, from Charles river to the Brookline timnel, was carefully in- spected. On the Second Division, between Stations 196 and 197, is a small crack in the top arch, about fifty feet in length; from Station 21 7 J to 218 J, is a crack in the bottom and top arches, which needs attention; from 224 to 225, is a double crack in the top arch; and from 232 J to 234, a very slight one in the top. The worst place in this division is a portion about sixty-five feet in length, between Stations 242f and 244J; the crack at this place is quite a serious one, and should be repaired at once. A small crack was discovered between Stations 254 and 255 ; and this section is very dirty and needs a thorough cleaning. Only one more crack was found in this division, and that was a very slight one, between Stations 263^ to 264. ,

The condition of the conduit below Newton Centre, on the Third Division, was in better general conditioUj as to cleanliness and freedom from cracks, than the portion between Charles river and Newton Centre. A slight crack about thirty feet long was found in the top arch, between Stations 1 and 2 ; at Station 37^ was found a large fissure in the bottom arch, through which a large volume of water, and some sand, was flowing into the aqueduct — this is the same fissure alluded to in my last report, and was then reported as plugged up; east of Station 51 is a slight crack and a small fissure in the bottom, bringing in water ;

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

47

the old cracks, between Stations 119^ and 124, and between 133^ and 138^, do not show much change — those portions that were pointed with Portland cement remain very perfect ; from 138^ to the western end of the Brookline tunnel, the conduit is in excellent condition.

At the time of the examination above referred to, a trial was made of the magnesium light for illuminating the interior of the conduit, and, with the exception of certain mechanical defects in the apparatus, it wqis a decided success, and a vast improvemeat over the ordinary lights hitherto used.

CHESTNUT HILL RESERYOIR.

. This work has progressed since the date of the last report quite as satisfictorily as was expected. The first work with- teams was begun on the 25th of April of last year, the number at that time being only eight, and the whole number of men employed about 200. Operations with the teams were com- menced on the southerly side of the Lawrence meadow in removing the soil preparatory to building the embankment. The number of teams was increased before the close of May last to 20 — that is, 40 horses and carts — by the middle of August to 30, and the number now employed is 50.

The following statement shows the average daily number of men employed in this work in each month, commencing with April 1866:

	' April	182	1 8fifi 5 NovGDiber \ December	319
	May	327	270
	June	385	["January	257
866 <( July .	400	February	240
	August .	424	1867 <; March .	222
	September	396	April	373
	^ October	386 ■	I May .	406

Besides the horses and carts, which, with the drivers, are ftirnished by contract, the city has now in use fourteen yoke of cattle of its own, employed in hauling stone, removing stumps and

48 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

such kinds of work as they are better adapted for than horses. The bank on the Lawrence meadow was begun May lf)th, 1866, and since that time there has been 5,463 feet in length built in that section, or all but about 600 feet, and in the lower section about 1,200 feet, making 6,663 feet in all. Of this there has been 3,622 feet covered with a substantial protection wall of stone, 1,649 of which was laid by the day and 1,973 by contract. The whole number of square yards of slope-wall now laid is 7,074. The work on the wall was begun May 24th, 1866, and stopped on the 6th of November. On the 22d of April, 1867, it was resumed, and is now rapidly progressing.

About one-half (2,100 feet) of the new location of Beacon Street has been graded and made ready for travel, and it is expected that the remainder will be completed and opened to public travel in a few weeks.

Considerable progress has been made in preparing the foun- dations for the main embankment or dam on the easterly end of the Reservoir across the mouth of the basin. A trench has been opened in the natural soil under the centre of the bank, about 1,500 feet in length, and of an average width and depth of ten feet ; for a distance of 750 feet the bottom of this trench is solid rock, and the indications are that we shall find the same bottom entirely across the meadow. As this embankment is to be the dam to retain the water, the utmost care will be taken in its construction, both as to the material used and the manner of compacting it, in order that it shall be a water-tight structure.

The work during the winter months, from the middle of November to the middle of April was confined chiefly to the removal of the muck from the Lawrence Meadow, work on the ledges, and the construction of a retaining wall on the southerly side of the driveway on the north side of the lower section of the Reservoir. This is a very substantial structure, varying in height from seven to twenty feet, and is about 410 feet in length. This wall is not yet completed, and work thereon has been

EEPORT OF THE WATER BOAED. 49

suspended, the workmen being now employed in laying the slope-wall. As this work can be done in the winter, when the work on the slope-walls must cease, it is not proposed to complete it until another winter.

In June last it was found necessary to procure an engine and pump to keep the trench free of water near the proposed location of the effluent gate-house while removing the sand The pump commenced working on the 5th of July, and was kept in operation most of the time until August 27th, when an accident occurred which brought its operations to an abrupt termination. The engineer who had charge of the engine and pump had gone to dinner, and had not been absent more than fifteen minutes, when the boiler exploded, tearing the crown- plate, directly over the fire almost off, and sending the engine and boiler some fifty feet into the air, and about one hundred and fifty feet horizontally. Fortunately no one was injured, although one of the foremen on the work and a laborer had just left the side of the boiler, not liking a peculiar hissjng sound, and were not more than fifty feet from it when the explo- sion occurred.

Upon the return of the engineer, he was closely questioned as to the condition of the boiler when he left, the state of the water, and the condition of the fire. His statements at this time and at a subsequent investigation were such that, if true, an explosion would have been impossible. He insisted that the height of the water in the boiler was tested immediately before leaving for dinner, and was found to be so high that it would discharge mixed with steam from the upper cock, and run freely from the lower one; that the pressure-gauge indicated only thirty lbs. per square inch' and that the fire was low; and fur- thermore that, as an additional precaution he left the door of the fire-box open. The boiler was examined by Messrs, McLauthlin and Dutemple, experienced mechanics of this city, and by the Superintendent, Resident Engineer, and myself, and we

7

50 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 88.

all agreed that the explosion was caused by the low state of the water in the boiler, and that the accident was due entirely to the carelessness of the engineer, who was promptly discharged. A new engine was procured with all possible despatch, but it was thought advisable to locate it at a pit' in the Lawrence meadow, which had been sunk about nine feet below the level of the meadow, and into which the water in the soil of the meadow was led by a system of open ditches. By this means the soil and muck of the meadow became drained and in a fit condition to be removed during the winter. This pump was found to be inadequate, and a larger one substituted which is now in operation at the same place. It is intended to remove a portion of the present aqueduct at and near the site of the proposed intermediate gate- house, for the purpose of building said gate-house and making the embankment, which, at this place divides the reservoir into two sections, water-tight ; when this is done, a twenty-inch pipe will be laid at such a level as to drain the Lawrence meadow without the aid of the pump, and the engine and pump will be replaced at the point where the explosion occurred.

On the 10th of February occurred the greatest freshet known in this vicinity for years, and it furnished an excellent opportu- nity to determine the maximum run of surface water through the meadows, and which must be provided for with artificial canals or brick drains when the reservoir is completed. It was found that the four feet stone culvert built by Mr. Knowlton, in the fall of 1865, was inadequate in size, the water backing up four feet from the top on the upper side. This culvert will be replaced by a brick drain 233 feet in length, and 6 feet 4 inches high, by 6 feet wide in the clear. This will connect with another 5 feet high by 4 feet 8 inches wide, and 532 feet in length ; then it is reduced again to 4 feet 4 inches high by 4 feet wide, of which dimensions there will be 1,926 lineal feet. This reduction in size continues at intervals as follows: 1,697 feet of 3 feet 8 inches by 3 feet 4 inches; 1,561 feet of 3 feet 4

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

51

inches by 3 feet, and 1,790 feet of circular drain of an internal diameter of 2 feet and 6 inches; making a total length of all sizes of 7,739 feet. Work on this drain will be commenced at once and finished this season.

The work is now progressing well, and by the date of another annual report will be far advanced towards completion.

The expenses of my department in connection with this work during the year ending April 30, have been as follows, viz :

Salary of Henry M. Wightman, Resident Engineer

" " S. C. Horn, Assistant Engineer

" " W. P. Learned, rodman

« " D. C. Sanger

" " Jeremiah Sullivan, axeman . Incidental expenses

$1,895 52 810 50 328 50

51 00 506 31

70 51

$3,662 34

The above amount was paid from the appropriation for Chestnut Hill Reservoir.

52

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54

CITY DOCUMENT. — No.

Conduit.

The following tabic shows the different heights at which the water has been running, and the number of days in each month at the different heights.

The height of the conduit is six feet four inches.

			HEIGHTS IN FEET AKD INCHES.
1866.	0.0	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.10	4.11	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.6 6.0	6.2	6.4
	NUMBER OF DAYS EST EACiS MONTH.
January . . . February . . . March .... April. . . .			1 1 1 2	9 21 6 3 1	1 6	3 3			10 2 1 13 5 2 7 12 52	12 30 10 1 4 16 4 8 5 90	1 1 2	6 18 12 1 12 2 3 2 3 59	1 1	4 1 • 1 1 7	1 2 1 4	6 7 1 • 3 1 1 19	19 3 4 3 7 2 3 41	1 2 3
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September . .			5 15 6 6
November . . December . .
Total	5	40	6	3	2	1

EEPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD.

55

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C3

EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

57

Monthly Fall of Bain in Indies, in 1866.

				PLACES AND	OBSERVERS
MONTH.	"S -2*. ll	=3 a 1-5 S3	^ . §1	g it	•i o r3 a — -a ■32 Hi	b a O 1 t	1 o*	S s
January February March April May June July August September October November December	1.44 5.80 3.92 1.94 6.46 4.80 13.35 8.98 8.36 3.43 4.52 4.32.			3.73 5.28 4.70 2.03 5.04 3.41 5.42 3.87 5.90 2.72 3.74 4.86	1.66 4.68 3.50 2.56 4.22 2.64 4.54 3.52 3.92 1.62 2.32 3.00	1.92 4.70 3.61 2.85 4.48 2.66 5.56 3.68 3.81 1.64 2.71 3.74			1.20 4.78 3.50 1.36 5.50 3.49 5.70 3.42 6.86 1.94 2.60 3.11	2.35 5.64 4.29 2.02 5.29 4.42 2.03 3.54 5.75 2.78 3.97 3.96
Totals	62.32			50.70	38.18	41.36			43.46	46.04

Note, — Melted sno^v	is, as us	ual	,inc	uded in t	he above	amounts	of r	ain	-fall.

* Rain-gauge at the Lake kept by E. F. Knowlton until March ; since then by Richard Carroll, under the direction of the Chairman of the Western Division.

58

CITY DOCUMENT.— No.

Table sJiowing the days in 1866 upon which rain fell, and the amount in inches and hundredths, compiled from observations made by W. H. Bradley, Superintendent of Sewers.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept. 1 Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1. 2. 3, 4. 5.

.64

.69

44

.08

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

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.21

.27

.89

.36

.65

3.73

5.28

:.70

;.87

2.72

3.74

REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.

59

Annual Amount of Rain-Fall, in Inches, at Lake CocJiituate, Boston and vicinity, 1849 to 1866, inclusive.

PLACES AND OBSERVERS.

1849.

1850. 1851. 1852. 1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857, 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866.

^1

* 45.93

* 55.86 48.15 34.96 40.80 63.10 48.66 49.02 55.44 46.44 49.69 69.80 42.60 49.46 62.32

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40.30 58.98 44.81 47.94 48.86 45.71 44.19 52.16 56.87 52.67 56.70 51.46 50.07 61.06 6-7.72 49.30 47.83

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40.97 54.07 41.97 40.51 58.83 45.17 47.59 63.79 57.92 45.46

46.95 50.14 57.21 56.42

43.59

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40.74 62.18 41.00 42.24 45.04 41.29 40.63 42.38 44.04 37.40 48.49

53.66 36.56 35.84 43.46

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Pi

84.69 61.48 43.30 38.58 58.27 46.25 89.05 40.97 44.74 44.51 45.29 38.24 44.25 50.09* 54.17 86.83 44.69 46.04

* By J. Vannevar.

60

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 88.

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=71

PUBLIC LIBRARY

OP THE

CITY OF BOSTON

ABBREVIATED RECULATJONS.

One volume can be taken at a time from the Lower Hall, and one from the Bates Hall. Books can be kept out li days.

A line of 2 cents for each volume will be incurred for each day a book is detained more than 14: days.

Any book detained more than a week be- yond the time limited, will be sent for at the expense of the delinquent.

No book is to be lemj out of the household of the borrower.

The Library hours for the delivery and re- turn of books are from 10 o'clock, A. M., to 8 o'clock, P. M., in the Lower Hall ; and from 10 o'clock, A. M., until one half hour before sunset in the Bates Hall.

Every book must, under penalty of one dol- lar, be returned to the Library at such time in August as shall be publicly announced.

The card must be presented whenever a book is returned. For renewing a book the card must be presented, together with the book, or with the shelf-numbers of the book;

i

6	350
6	106
6	132
6	200
6	43
6	80
6	97
6	87
6	150
6	600
6	273
6	532
6	212
6	215
6	533
6	63
6	64
6	92
6	286
6	308
6	288

6	350
6	106
6	132
6	200
6	43
6	80
6	97
6	87
6	150
6	600
6	273
6	532
6	212
6	215
6	533
6	63
6	64
6	92
6	286
6	308
6	288

6	350
6	106
6	132
6	200
6	43
6	80
6	97
6	87
6	150
6	600
6	273
6	532
6	212
6	215
6	533
6	63
6	64
6	92
6	286
6	308
6	288